Propolis or bee glue has been used for centuries for various purposes and is especially important in human health due to\nmany of its biological and pharmacological properties. In this work we showed quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) activity of\nten geographically distinct propolis samples from the United States using the acyl-homoserine lactone- (AHL-) dependent\nChromobacterium violaceum strain CV026. Based on GC-MS chemical profiling the propolis samples can be classified into several\ngroups that are as follows: (1) rich in cinnamic acid derivatives, (2) rich in flavonoids, and (3) rich in triterpenes. An in-depth\nanalysis of the propolis from North Carolina led to the isolation and identification of a triterpenic acid that was recently isolated\nfrom Hondurian propolis (Central America) and ethyl ether of p-coumaric alcohol not previously identified in bee propolis. QSI\nactivity was also observed in the second group US propolis samples which contained the flavonoid pinocembrin in addition to\nother flavonoid compounds. The discovery of compounds that are involved in QSI activity has the potential to facilitate studies that\nmay lead to the development of antivirulence therapies that can be complementary and/or alternative treatments against antibiotic\nresistant bacterial pathogens and/or emerging pathogens that have yet to be identified.
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